Occupational Therapy

Kodi Occupational Therapy N'chiyani?

Occupational therapy (OT) ndi mtundu wa njira yochiritsira yomwe imayang'ana kulephera kwa odwala.Ndi njira yokhazikika yokhazikika yomwe imakhudza odwala kuti atenge nawo mbali pazantchito mongaADL, kupanga, masewera achisangalalo komanso kucheza ndi anthu.Kuphatikiza apo, imaphunzitsa ndikuwunika odwala kuti awathandize kuyambiranso moyo wawo wodziyimira pawokha.Imayang'ana pa kuyanjana kwa ntchito, zochitika, zopinga, kutenga nawo mbali, ndi zochitika zawo, ndipo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chithandizo chamakono chokonzanso.

Zomwe zimagwira ntchito chithandizo ziyenera kugwirizana ndi cholinga cha mankhwala.Sankhani ntchito zoyenera, thandizirani odwala kuti amalize zopitilira 80% zamankhwala, ndikuwalola kuti agwiritse ntchito mokwanira miyendo yawo yosokonekera.Kuonjezera apo, poganizira zotsatira za chithandizo cham'deralo, chikoka pa ntchito ya thupi lonse chiyenera kuganiziridwanso kuti chiwonjezeke kuthekera kwa odwala.

Udindo wa chithandizo chamankhwala ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amthupi ndi malingaliro a odwala, kukonza ADL, kupatsa odwala malo okhazikika komanso malo ogwirira ntchito, kukulitsa malingaliro ndi kuzindikira kwa odwala, ndikuwakonzekeretsa kuti abwerere ku moyo wabwinobwino posachedwa.

Maphunziro a ntchito alinso ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ndipo ndi oyenera omwe akufunikirakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a miyendo, kukulitsa luso lakuwona kwa thupi, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, ndikuwongolera malingaliro.Makamaka, kumaphatikizapo matenda a mitsempha, mongakuvulala kwa ubongo, matenda a Parkinson, kuvulala kwa msana, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, kuvulala kwa ubongo,ndi zina;matenda a geriatric, mongageriatric cognitive kukanikandi zina;matenda osteoarticular, mongakuvulala kwa osteoarticular, osteoarthritis, kuvulala kwa dzanja, kudula, kubwezeretsa mafupa, kuyika tendon, kuwotcha.ndi zina;matenda azachipatala, mongamatenda a mtima, matenda aakulundi zina;obstructive pulmonary matenda, monganyamakazi, matenda a shugandi zina;matenda a ana, mongacerebral palsy, kobadwa nako malformation, kupundukandi zina;matenda amisala, mongakukhumudwa, schizophrenia recovery period, etc. Komabe,sikoyenera kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chosadziwika bwino komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chidziwitso, odwala ovuta, ndi odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima, hepatorenal dysfunction.

Gulu la Occupational Therapy

(1) Gulu molingana ndi cholinga cha OT

1. OT kwa dyskinesias, monga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbitsa mphamvu ya minofu, kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka mgwirizano, ndi kuonjezera mgwirizano.

2. OT chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso: makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lakumva monga kupweteka, kutengeka, masomphenya, kukhudza ndi zopinga zina mu chisamaliro, kukumbukira, kuganiza, ndi zina zotero. kunyalanyaza njira yophunzitsira.

3. OT chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa kulankhula, monga aphasia ndi chisokonezo cha odwala hemiplegic.

4. OT chifukwa cha kusokonezeka maganizo ndi maganizo kuti athe kulamulira maganizo ndi maganizo.

5. OT chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa ntchito ndi kutenga nawo mbali pagulu pofuna kupititsa patsogolo luso la odwala kuti azolowere anthu ndikukhala paokha.Ili ndiye vuto lalikulu lomwe chithandizo chantchito chiyenera kuthetsa.

(2) Gulu molingana ndi dzina la OT
1. ADL:Kuti akwaniritse kudzisamalira, odwala ayenera kubwereza zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku monga kuvala tsiku ndi tsiku, kudya, kudziyeretsa komanso kuyenda.Odwala amagonjetsa zopinga zawo ndikusintha luso lawo lodzisamalira kudzera mu OT.

a, Pitirizani kukhala ndi machitidwe abwino: Odwala osiyanasiyana ali ndi zofunikira zosiyana pa malo onama ndi kaimidwe, koma mfundo yaikulu ndiyo kusunga malo abwino ogwira ntchito, kupewa kusokonezeka kwa mgwirizano, ndi kuteteza zotsatira zoipa za machitidwe oipa pa matenda.

b, Sinthani maphunziro: Nthawi zambiri, odwala pabedi amafunika kutembenuka pafupipafupi.Ngati vutolo lilola, odwala ayesetse kutembenuza okha.

c, Kukhala mmwamba maphunziro: Mothandizidwa ndi asing'anga, lolani odwala kukhala tsonga kuchoka pa malo ogona, ndiyeno kuchoka pa malo okhala kupita kumalo ogona.

d, Kusamutsa maphunziro: Kusamutsa pakati pa bedi ndi chikuku, chikuku ndi mpando, chikuku ndi chimbudzi.

e, Maphunziro a Kadyedwe: Kudya ndi kumwa ndi njira zambiri komanso zovuta.Mukamadya, sungani kuchuluka kwa chakudya komanso kuthamanga kwa kudya.Komanso, yesetsani kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amamwa komanso kuthamanga kwakumwa.

f, Kuphunzitsa kavalidwe: Maphunziro ovala ndi kuvula amafunikira maluso ambiri kuti amalize, kuphatikiza mphamvu za minofu, kuthekera kokwanira, kusuntha kolumikizana, kuzindikira komanso kuzindikira.Malingana ndi msinkhu wa zovuta, yesetsani kuchoka ku kuvala, kuchokera ku madiresi apamwamba mpaka otsika.

g, Kuphunzitsa kuchimbudzi: Zimafunikira maluso oyambira a odwala, ndipo odwala ayenera kukhala okhazikika komanso okhazikika, kusamutsa thupi, ndi zina zambiri.

2. Ntchito zochizira: Zochita zomwe zimasankhidwa mosamala kuti zithetse vuto la wodwalayo kudzera muzochita kapena zida zinazake.Mwachitsanzo, odwala hemiplegic omwe ali ndi vuto la kumtunda kwa miyendo amatha kukanda pulasitiki, kupopera mtedza, ndi zina zotero.

3. Ntchito zogwira ntchito zopindulitsa:Zochita zamtunduwu ndizoyenera kwa odwala omwe achira pamlingo winawake, kapena odwala omwe kukanika kwawo sikovuta kwambiri.Pamene akugwira ntchito zachipatala, amatha kupanga phindu lachuma, monga ntchito zina zamanja monga ukalipentala.

4. Zochita zamaganizidwe ndi chikhalidwe:Odwala m'maganizo boma adzasintha penapake pambuyo opaleshoni kapena kuchira nthawi matenda.Mtundu uwu wa OT umathandiza odwala kusintha maganizo awo, kusunga mgwirizano pakati pa odwala ndi anthu, ndikuwathandiza kukhala ndi maganizo abwino.

Kuunika kwa Occupational Therapy

Cholinga cha kuwunika kwa zotsatira za OT ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa kusagwira ntchito.Kupyolera mu zotsatira zowunika, tikhoza kumvetsetsa zofooka ndi mavuto a odwala.Kuchokera pakuwona kwa chithandizo chantchito, titha kudziwa zolinga zamaphunziro ndikupanga dongosolo la maphunziro potengera zotsatira zowunika.Ndipo lolani odwala kuti atenge maphunziro okonzanso kupyolera mu kuwunika kosalekeza (motor function, sensory function, ADL luso, etc.) ndi ntchito zoyenera.

Powombetsa mkota
Occupational Therapists ndi akatswiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chamankhwala pakukonzanso.Occupational therapy, physiotherapy, kulankhula mankhwala, etc. ali m'gulu la mankhwala rehabilitation.OT yakhala ikusintha pamene ikupitilira kukula, ndipo pang'onopang'ono yazindikirika ndikuvomerezedwa.OT ikhoza kuthandiza odwala m'madera ambiri, ndipo odwala ambiri amalandira ndikuzindikira mu chithandizo.Itha kuthandiza kwambiri odwala kuti ayambenso kutenga nawo mbali pagulu komanso kubwerera ku mabanja awo.

"Chithandizo chapantchito ndi njira yapadera kwambiri yokhala ndi malingaliro akeake komanso othandiza.Cholinga chake ndi kulola odwala ndi olumala kuti agwiritse ntchito zomwe asankha kuti apititse patsogolo ndikubwezeretsanso magwiridwe antchito awo akuthupi, m'maganizo, komanso pagulu.Zimalimbikitsa odwala ndi olumala kutenga nawo mbali pothandiza anthu kuti azikhala odzidalira komanso kuti azikhala odzidalira.“

Tikupereka zinaZida za OTndi maloboti zogulitsa, omasuka kuyang'ana ndifunsani.