Bobath Technique

Yintoni iBobath Technique?

Ubuchule beBobath, obukwabizwa ngokuba yi-neuro developmental therapy (NDT), bukuvavanyo kunye nokunyangwa kwabantu abane-cerebral palsy kunye nezinye iimeko ezinxulumene ne-neurological.Bubuchwephesha bonyango obusekwe yingcali yePhysiotherapist yaseBritane uBerta Bobath kunye nomyeni wakhe uKarel Bobath besebenza.Ifanelekile ukuvuselelwa kokungasebenzi kwemoto okubangelwa ukulimala kwenkqubo ye-nervous central.

Injongo yokusebenzisa ingqikelelo yeBobath kukukhuthaza ukufundwa kweemoto kulawulo olululo lweemoto kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukuthatha inxaxheba kunye nokusebenza.

Yintoni iThiyori eSisiseko ye-Bobath Technique?

Ukulimala kwinkqubo ye-nervous central kukhokelela ekukhululweni kwee-reflexes zangaphambili kunye nokwakhiwa kweendlela ezingaqhelekanga kunye neendlela zokuhamba.
Ngenxa yoko, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-reflexive ukucinezela i-postures engaqhelekanga kunye neendlela zokuhamba ngokulawula iingongoma eziphambili;qalisa i-posture reflexes kunye ne-balance reactions ukukhuthaza ukubunjwa kweepatheni eziqhelekileyo kunye nokwenza uqeqesho lokulawula umthambo olwahlukeneyo.

Iingcamango ezisisiseko zeBhobhati

1. Uthintelo lweReflex:sebenzisa i-postures echasene nephethini ye-spasm ukucinezela i-spasm kuquka i-reflex inhibition pattern (RIP) kunye ne-tonic enefuthe lokuma (TIP).

2. Ulawulo lweengongoma eziphambili:amanqaku aphambili abhekiselele kwiindawo ezithile ezithile zomzimba womntu, ezinempembelelo ebalulekileyo kuxinzelelo lwemisipha yamanye amalungu omzimba okanye amalungu;Iingcali zonyango zilawula la macandelo athile ukufezekisa injongo yokuthintela i-spasm kunye ne-postural reflex engaqhelekanga kunye nokukhuthaza i-postural reflex eqhelekileyo.

3. Khuthaza i-postural reflex:khokela izigulane ukuba zenze i-postures esebenzayo ngemisebenzi ethile ethile kunye nokufunda kwezi zikhundla ezisebenzayo ukufezekisa iziphumo zonyango.

4. Uvuselelo lweemvakalelo:sebenzisa iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo ukuthintela ukunyakaza okungaqhelekanga okanye ukukhuthaza ukunyakaza okuqhelekileyo, kwaye kubandakanya ukuvuselela kunye nokuthintela.

Yeyiphi iMigaqo yaseBhobhati?

(1) Gxininisa iimvakalelo zezigulane zokufunda intshukumo

UBobath ukholelwa ukuba imvakalelo yokuzilolonga inokufunyanwa ngokufunda noqeqesho oluphindaphindiweyo.Ukufunda ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwendlela yokuhamba kunye nokuhamba kokunyakaza kunokukhuthaza izigulane ukuba zithole ingqiqo yokuhamba ngokuqhelekileyo.Ukufunda kunye nokuqonda imvakalelo yemoto, iiseshini ezininzi zoqeqesho lweemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo ziyafuneka.Iingcali zonyango kufuneka ziqulunqe uqeqesho ngokwemiqathango yezigulane kunye neengxaki ezikhoyo, ezinokuthi zibangele iimpendulo ezinenjongo kuphela, kodwa ziqwalasela ngokupheleleyo ukuba zinokubonelela izigulane ngamathuba afanayo okuphindaphinda iimoto.Kuphela ukuvuselela okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokunyakaza kunokukhuthaza kunye nokudibanisa ukufundwa kweentshukumo.Njengaye nawuphi na umntwana okanye umntu omdala ofunda isakhono esitsha, izigulana zidinga uvuselelo oluqhubekayo kunye namathuba oqeqesho oluphinda-phindayo ukuhlanganisa iintshukumo ezifundiweyo.

(2) Gxininisa ukufunda iindlela zokuma ezisisiseko kunye neepatheni zentshukumo ezisisiseko

Ukunyakaza ngalunye kwenzeka ngokusekelwe kwiipatheni ezisisiseko ezifana nokulawulwa kwe-posture, impendulo yokulungisa, impendulo yokulinganisela kunye nezinye iimpendulo zokukhusela, ukubamba kunye nokuphumla.I-Bobath inokucinezela iipatheni zentshukumo engaqhelekanga ngokwenkqubo yophuhliso eqhelekileyo yomzimba womntu.Ukongezelela, inokubangela ukuba izigulane zifunde ngokuthe ngcembe indlela eqhelekileyo yokunyakaza ngokulawula inqaku eliphambili, ibangele impendulo yenkqubo ye-nervous ephezulu, efana neyokuba: impendulo yokulungisa, impendulo yokulinganisela kunye nezinye iindlela zokukhusela, ukwenzela ukuba izigulane zikwazi ukunqoba ukunyakaza okungaqhelekanga kunye nokunyanzeliswa. I-postures, ngokuthe ngcembe amava kwaye afezekise intshukumo eqhelekileyo kunye nomsebenzi.

(3) Ukuphuhlisa izicwangciso zoqeqesho ngokulandelelana kophuhliso lokuhamba

Izicwangciso zoqeqesho lwezigulane kufuneka zihambelane namanqanaba okukhula kwazo.Ngexesha lokulinganisa, izigulane kufuneka zihlolwe ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga kwaye ziphathwe ngokulandelelana kophuhliso.Ukuphuhliswa kwemoto eqhelekileyo kulandelelwano ukusuka entloko ukuya ezinyaweni kwaye ukusuka kufutshane-isiphelo ukuya kwindawo ekude.Ulandelelwano oluthile lokuphuhliswa kwemoto ngokubanzi lusuka kwindawo yokulala - ukuguquka - indawo esecaleni - indawo yokuxhasa i-elbow - ukuhlala - ukuguqa kwezandla kunye namadolo - ukuguqa ngamadolo omabini - indawo yokuma.

(4) Nyanga izigulane xa zizonke

UBobath ugxininise ukuba izigulane kufuneka ziqeqeshwe xa zizonke ngexesha loqeqesho.Akunjalo nje ukunyanga izigulane ezine-motor dysfunction, kodwa nokukhuthaza izigulane ukuba zithathe inxaxheba ngokusebenzayo kunyango kwaye zikhumbule imvakalelo yamalungu ngexesha lokuzilolonga okuqhelekileyo.Xa uqeqesha imilenze ephantsi yezigulane ze-hemiplegic, qaphela ukuthintela ukubonakala kwe-spasm ephezulu.Ekugqibeleni, ukukhusela ezinye izithintelo zomzimba kwizigulane, thatha izigulane ngokubanzi ukuphuhlisa unyango kunye nezicwangciso zoqeqesho.