Indlela Yokuvimbela I-Stroke?

Isifo sohlangothi sibe yimbangela yokufa kwabantu abaningi eChina kule minyaka engu-30 edlule, izinga lokushona kwabantu lifinyelela ku-39.9% kanye nezinga lokufa elingaphezu kuka-20%, okubangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.9 minyaka yonke.Odokotela baseShayina kanye nezinhlangano zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo baye bahlanganisa indikimba yolwazi mayelana nesifo sohlangothi.Ake sibhekisise.

1. Yini i-Acute Stroke?

I-stroke ibonakala ngokuyinhloko njengokukhuluma kahle, ukuba ndikindiki kwezitho, ukwazi okuphazamisekile, ukuquleka, i-hemiplegia, nokunye.Ihlukaniswe yaba izigaba ezimbili: 1) I-Ischemic stroke, ephathwa nge-thrombolysis ye-intravenous kanye ne-thrombectomy ephuthumayo;2) I-stroke eyophayo, lapho kugxilwe khona ekuvimbeleni ukopha kabusha, ukunciphisa ukulimala kwamangqamuzana obuchopho, nokuvimbela izinkinga.

2. Indlela Yokwelapha?

1) I-Ischemic Stroke (I-Cerebral Infarction)

Ukwelashwa okuphelele kwe-cerebral infarction i-ultra-early intravenous thrombolysis, futhi i-arterial thrombolysis noma i-thrombectomy ingasetshenziswa kwezinye iziguli.Ukwelashwa kwe-thrombolytic nge-alteplase kungenziwa phakathi kwamahora angu-3-4.5 kusukela ekuqaleni, futhi ukwelashwa kwe-thrombolytic nge-urokinase kunganikezwa phakathi kwamahora angu-6 kusukela ekuqaleni.Uma izimo ze-thrombolysis zifinyelelwa, ukwelashwa kwe-thrombolytic nge-alteplase kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhubazeka kwesiguli futhi kuthuthukise ukubikezela.Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ama-neurons ebuchosheni awakwazi ukuvuselela, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kwe-cerebral infarction kufanele kufike ngesikhathi futhi akufanele kubambezeleke.

① Iyini i-Intravenous Thrombolysis?

Ukwelashwa kwe-thrombolytic nge-intravenous kuncibilikisa i-thrombus evimba umkhumbi wegazi, kuvuselele imithambo yegazi evimbekile, kubuyisele ukunikezwa kwegazi ezicutshini zobuchopho ngokushesha, futhi kunciphisa i-necrosis yezicubu zobuchopho ezibangelwa ischemia.Isikhathi esihle kakhulu se-thrombolysis singakapheli amahora ama-3 ngemuva kokuqala.

② Iyini i-Emergency Thrombectomy?

I-Thrombectomy ihilela udokotela osebenzisa umshini we-DSA ukuze asuse i-emboli evimbelwe emithanjeni yegazi ngokusebenzisa i-thrombectomy stent noma i-catheter ekhethekile yokumunca ukuze kuzuzwe ukuvuselelwa komkhumbi wegazi wobuchopho.Ifaneleka ngokuyinhloko i-acute cerebral infarction ebangelwa ukuvaleka komkhumbi omkhulu, futhi izinga lokuvuselelwa kwe-vascular lingafinyelela ku-80%.Njengamanje kuwukuhlinza okungenavanzi okuncane kakhulu komkhumbi omkhulu oclusive cerebral infarction.

2) I-Hemorrhagic Stroke

Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukopha ebuchosheni, ukopha kwe-subbarachnoid, njll. Umgomo wokwelapha ukuvimbela ukopha kabusha, ukunciphisa ukulimala kwamangqamuzana obuchopho okubangelwa ukopha kobuchopho, nokuvimbela izinkinga.

3. Indlela Yokuhlonza I-Stroke?

I-1) Isiguli ngokuzumayo sibhekana nokuphazamiseka kwebhalansi, sihamba singanyakazi, sidiyazela sengathi sidakiwe;noma amandla esitho ajwayelekile kodwa awakho ukunemba.

I-2) Isiguli sinokubona okufiphele, ukubona kabili, ukukhubazeka kwensimu ebonakalayo;noma indawo yeso engavamile.

3) Amakhona omlomo wesiguli agwegwile futhi ama-nasolabial folds awashoni.

I-4) Isiguli sibhekana nobuthakathaka bomzimba, ukungazinzi ekuhambeni noma ekubambeni izinto;noma ukuba ndikindiki kwezitho.

5) Inkulumo yesiguli ayicacile futhi ayicacile.

Uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle, kubalulekile ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha, ukuncintisana nesikhathi, futhi uthole ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

4. Indlela Yokuvimbela I-Stroke?

I-1) Iziguli ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme kufanele zinake ukulawula umfutho wegazi futhi zihambisane nemithi.
2) Iziguli ezine-cholesterol ephezulu kufanele zilawule ukudla kwazo futhi zithathe izidakamizwa ezehlisa i-lipid.
3) Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela kanye namaqembu asengozini enkulu kufanele zivimbele futhi zelaphe isifo sikashukela.
I-4) Labo abane-fibrillation ye-atrial noma ezinye izifo zenhliziyo kufanele bafune usizo lwezokwelapha ngenkuthalo.

Ngamafuphi, kubalulekile ukudla ukudla okunempilo, ukuvivinya umzimba ngokusesilinganisweni, nokugcina isimo sengqondo esihle ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

5. Isikhathi Esibalulekile Sokuvuselela I-Stroke

Ngemuva kokuthi isimo sesiguli sohlangothi esibucayi sizinzile, kufanele baqale ukuvuselela nokungenelela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Iziguli ezine-stroke ethambile kuya emaphakathi, isifo esingeke sisathuthuka, zingaqala ukuvuselelwa kombhede kanye nokuqeqeshwa kokuvuselelwa kombhede kusenesikhathi amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokuthi izimpawu ezibalulekile zizinzile.Ukwelashwa kokuhlunyeleliswa kufanele kuqalwe kusenesikhathi, futhi isikhathi esihle sokwelashwa kokuhlunyeleliswa yizinyanga ezi-3 ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi.

Ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokwelashwa kokubuyisela esimweni esifike ngesikhathi nokujwayelekile kunganciphisa ngempumelelo amazinga okufa nokukhubazeka.Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kweziguli ze-stroke kufanele kufake ukwelapha ukuvuselelwa kusenesikhathi, ngaphezu kokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa okuvamile.Uma nje izimo zokuhlehliswa kwesifo sohlangothi kusenesikhathi ziqondwa ngokugcwele futhi izici eziyingozi ziqashwe ngokucophelela, ukubikezelwa kweziguli kungathuthukiswa, izinga lokuphila liyathuthukiswa, isikhathi sokulaliswa esibhedlela sifinyezwa, futhi izindleko zeziguli zincishisiwe.

6. Ukuvuselelwa Kwangaphambi kwesikhathi

I-1) Beka izitho ezinhle embhedeni: isikhundla sokulala, indawo yokulala ohlangothini oluthintekile, isikhundla seqembu ohlangothini olunempilo.
I-2) Jikela njalo embhedeni: Kungakhathaliseki isikhundla sakho, udinga ukuguqula njalo ngemva kwamahora angu-2, uhlikihle izingxenye ezicindezelekile, futhi ukhuthaze ukujikeleza kwegazi.
I-3) Imisebenzi engenzi lutho yemilenze ye-hemiplegic: Vimbela ama-spasms amalunga kanye ne-muscle disuse atrophy lapho izimpawu ezibalulekile zizinzile emahoreni angu-48 ngemva kokushaywa unhlangothi futhi isifo sesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko sizinzile futhi asisaqhubeki.
I-4) Imisebenzi yokunyakaza kombhede: Ukunyakaza okungaphezulu kwesitho nehlombe, ukuqeqeshwa kokuphenduka okusizwayo, ukuqeqeshwa kokuzivocavoca kwebhuloho lombhede.

Funda ukuhlonza izimpawu zokuqala ze-stroke.Uma kwenzeka isifo sohlangothi, shayela inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha ukuze uthengele isiguli isikhathi sokwelashwa.

Ngethemba ukuthi lesi sihloko siwusizo kuwe.

Lesi sihloko sivela ku-Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine